One sentence summary:
The book ‘How Brains Think: Evolving Intelligence, Then And Now’ by William H. Calvin explores the development of human intelligence and how it differs from other species.
Book genre:
Science and Evolution
Main topic of the book:
The book delves into the evolution of human intelligence, exploring how the human brain evolved and how it differs from the brains of other species.
Key ideas:
- Evolution of the human brain: The book explains how the human brain evolved over millions of years, from the early hominids to modern humans.
- Cognitive differences: It explores the cognitive differences between humans and other species, such as language, tool-making abilities, and advanced social skills.
- Neurobiology: The book discusses the neurobiology of the brain and how it contributes to human intelligence.
- Cultural evolution: It examines how cultural evolution works alongside biological evolution to shape human intelligence.
- Future implications: The book raises questions about the future evolution of the human brain and the impact of technology on our intelligence.
Main parts of the book and a short summary:
Part 1: The Missing Brain
This section discusses the evolution of the human brain and how it differs from the brains of other species. It also explores how the brain’s structure and function contribute to human intelligence.
Part 2: Cognition
This part focuses on the differences in cognition between humans and other animals, particularly in areas such as language, social skills, and tool-making abilities. It also delves into the neurological basis of these differences.
Part 3: Self and Others
In this section, the book delves into the social aspects of human intelligence, such as theory of mind and empathy. It also examines the role of the brain in forming social bonds and its impact on human evolution.
Part 4: The Role of Culture
This part looks at the interplay between cultural and biological evolution and how it has shaped human intelligence. It discusses the concept of gene-culture coevolution and the potential future implications for human intelligence.
Part 5: Tinkering with Today’s Brain
The final section raises questions about the future of human intelligence, in light of advancements in technology and the potential for further evolution of the human brain.
Key takeaways:
- Human intelligence is a result of both biological and cultural evolution.
- The human brain has unique cognitive abilities, such as language and social skills, that differentiate it from other species.
- Advancements in technology and culture can impact the future evolution of the human brain.
- Understanding the neurological basis of intelligence can provide insights into the human mind and behavior.
Author’s background and qualifications:
William H. Calvin is an American neurophysiologist and professor emeritus at the University of Washington. He has a Ph.D. in physiology and biophysics from the University of California, Berkeley. He has written numerous books on human evolution, brain function, and language.
Target audience:
This book is aimed at readers with an interest in science, specifically evolution and neuroscience. It can also be a valuable resource for students and researchers in these fields.
Publisher and first publication date:
‘How Brains Think: Evolving Intelligence, Then And Now’ was first published in 1996 by Basic Books.